SICStus Prolog

Table of Contents

• SICStus Prolog
• Introduction
• Acknowledgments
• 1 Notational Conventions
  • 1.1 Keyboard Characters
  • 1.2 Mode Spec
  • 1.3 Development and Runtime Systems
  • 1.4 Function Prototypes
  • 1.5 ISO Compliance
• 2 Glossary
• 3 How to Run Prolog
  • 3.1 Getting Started
  • 3.2 Reading in Programs
  • 3.3 Inserting Clauses at the Terminal
  • 3.4 Queries and Directives
    • 3.4.1 Queries
    • 3.4.2 Directives
  • 3.5 Syntax Errors
  • 3.6 Undefined Predicates
  • 3.7 Program Execution And Interruption
  • 3.8 Exiting From The Top-Level
  • 3.9 Nested Executions—Break
  • 3.10 Saving and Restoring Program States
  • 3.11 SICStus Prolog IDE
  • 3.12 Emacs Interface
    • 3.12.1 Installation
      • 3.12.1.1 Quick-Start
      • 3.12.1.2 Customizing Emacs
      • 3.12.1.3 Enabling Emacs Support for SICStus
      • 3.12.1.4 Enabling Emacs Support for SICStus Documentation
    • 3.12.2 Basic Configuration
    • 3.12.3 Usage
    • 3.12.4 Mode Line
    • 3.12.5 Configuration
    • 3.12.6 Tips
      • 3.12.6.1 Font-locking
      • 3.12.6.2 Auto-fill Mode
      • 3.12.6.3 Speed
      • 3.12.6.4 Changing Colors
• 4 The Prolog Language
  • 4.1 Syntax
    • 4.1.1 Overview
    • 4.1.2 Terms
      • 4.1.2.1 Overview
      • 4.1.2.2 Integers
      • 4.1.2.3 Floating-point Numbers
      • 4.1.2.4 Atoms
      • 4.1.2.5 Variables
      • 4.1.2.6 Foreign Terms
    • 4.1.3 Compound Terms
      • 4.1.3.1 Lists
      • 4.1.3.2 Strings As Lists
    • 4.1.4 Character Escaping
    • 4.1.5 Operators and their Built-in Predicates
      • 4.1.5.1 Overview
      • 4.1.5.2 Manipulating and Inspecting Operators
      • 4.1.5.3 Syntax Restrictions
      • 4.1.5.4 Built-in Operators
    • 4.1.6 Commenting
    • 4.1.7 Formal Syntax
      • 4.1.7.1 Overview
      • 4.1.7.2 Notation
      • 4.1.7.3 Syntax of Sentences as Terms
      • 4.1.7.4 Syntax of Terms as Tokens
      • 4.1.7.5 Syntax of Tokens as Character Strings
      • 4.1.7.6 Escape Sequences
      • 4.1.7.7 Notes
    • 4.1.8 Summary of Predicates
  • 4.2 Semantics
    • 4.2.1 Programs
    • 4.2.2 Types of Predicates Supplied with SICStus Prolog
      • 4.2.2.1 Hook Predicates
      • 4.2.2.2 Extendible Predicates
    • 4.2.3 Control Structures
      • 4.2.3.1 The Cut
      • 4.2.3.2 Disjunction
      • 4.2.3.3 If-Then-Else
      • 4.2.3.4 Negation as Failure
      • 4.2.3.5 Do-Loops   since release 4.1
      • 4.2.3.6 Other Control Structures
    • 4.2.4 Declarative and Procedural Semantics
    • 4.2.5 Meta-Calls
    • 4.2.6 Exceptions Related to Procedure Calls
    • 4.2.7 Occurs-Check
    • 4.2.8 Summary of Control Predicates
  • 4.3 Loading Programs
    • 4.3.1 Overview
    • 4.3.2 The Load Predicates
    • 4.3.3 Redefining Procedures during Program Execution
    • 4.3.4 Declarations and Initializations
      • 4.3.4.1 Multifile Declarations
      • 4.3.4.2 Dynamic Declarations
      • 4.3.4.3 Volatile Declarations
      • 4.3.4.4 Discontiguous Declarations
      • 4.3.4.5 Block Declarations
      • 4.3.4.6 Meta-Predicate Declarations
      • 4.3.4.7 Module Declarations
      • 4.3.4.8 Public Declarations
      • 4.3.4.9 Mode Declarations
      • 4.3.4.10 Include Declarations
      • 4.3.4.11 Initializations
    • 4.3.5 Term and Goal Expansion
    • 4.3.6 Conditional Compilation
      • 4.3.6.1 Conditional Compilation Examples
    • 4.3.7 Predicate List
  • 4.4 Saving and Loading the Prolog Database
    • 4.4.1 Overview of PO Files
    • 4.4.2 Saved-States
    • 4.4.3 Selective Saving and Loading of PO Files
    • 4.4.4 Predicate List
  • 4.5 Files and Directories
    • 4.5.1 The File Search Path Mechanism
      • 4.5.1.1 Defining File Search Paths
      • 4.5.1.2 Frequently Used File Specifications
      • 4.5.1.3 Predefined File Search Paths
    • 4.5.2 Syntactic Rewriting
    • 4.5.3 List of Predicates
  • 4.6 Input and Output
    • 4.6.1 Introduction
    • 4.6.2 About Streams
      • 4.6.2.1 Programming Note
      • 4.6.2.2 Stream Categories
    • 4.6.3 Term Input
      • 4.6.3.1 Reading Terms: The "Read" Predicates
      • 4.6.3.2 Changing the Prompt
    • 4.6.4 Term Output
      • 4.6.4.1 Writing Terms: the “Write” Predicates
      • 4.6.4.2 Common Characteristics
      • 4.6.4.3 Distinctions Among the “Write” Predicates
      • 4.6.4.4 Displaying Terms
      • 4.6.4.5 Using the Portray Hook
      • 4.6.4.6 Portraying a Clause
    • 4.6.5 Byte and Character Input
      • 4.6.5.1 Overview
      • 4.6.5.2 Reading Bytes and Characters
      • 4.6.5.3 Peeking
      • 4.6.5.4 Skipping
      • 4.6.5.5 Finding the End of Line and End of File
    • 4.6.6 Byte and Character Output
      • 4.6.6.1 Writing Bytes and Characters
      • 4.6.6.2 New Line
      • 4.6.6.3 Formatted Output
    • 4.6.7 Stream and File Handling
      • 4.6.7.1 Stream Objects
      • 4.6.7.2 Exceptions Related to Streams
      • 4.6.7.3 Suppressing Error Messages
      • 4.6.7.4 Opening a Stream
      • 4.6.7.5 Text Stream Encodings
      • 4.6.7.6 Finding the Current Input Stream
      • 4.6.7.7 Finding the Current Output Stream
      • 4.6.7.8 Finding Out About Open Streams
      • 4.6.7.9 Closing a Stream
      • 4.6.7.10 Flushing Output
    • 4.6.8 Reading the State of Opened Streams
      • 4.6.8.1 Stream Position Information for Terminal I/O
    • 4.6.9 Random Access to Files
    • 4.6.10 Summary of Predicates and Functions
  • 4.7 Arithmetic
    • 4.7.1 Overview
    • 4.7.2 Evaluating Arithmetic Expressions
    • 4.7.3 Exceptions Related to Arithmetic
    • 4.7.4 Arithmetic Comparison
    • 4.7.5 Arithmetic Expressions
    • 4.7.6 Predicate Summary
  • 4.8 Looking at Terms
    • 4.8.1 Meta-logical Predicates
      • 4.8.1.1 Type Checking
      • 4.8.1.2 Unification
    • 4.8.2 Analyzing and Constructing Terms
    • 4.8.3 Analyzing and Constructing Lists
    • 4.8.4 Converting between Constants and Text
    • 4.8.5 Atom Operations
    • 4.8.6 Assigning Names to Variables
    • 4.8.7 Copying Terms
    • 4.8.8 Comparing Terms
      • 4.8.8.1 Introduction
      • 4.8.8.2 Standard Order of Terms
      • 4.8.8.3 Sorting Terms
    • 4.8.9 Mutable Terms
    • 4.8.10 Summary of Predicates
  • 4.9 Looking at the Program State
    • 4.9.1 Overview
    • 4.9.2 Associating Predicates with their Properties
    • 4.9.3 Associating Predicates with Files
    • 4.9.4 Prolog Flags
    • 4.9.5 Load Context
    • 4.9.6 Predicate Summary
  • 4.10 Memory Use and Garbage Collection
    • 4.10.1 Overview
      • 4.10.1.1 Reclaiming Space
      • 4.10.1.2 Displaying Statistics
    • 4.10.2 Garbage Collection and Programming Style
    • 4.10.3 Enabling and Disabling the Garbage Collector
    • 4.10.4 Monitoring Garbage Collections
    • 4.10.5 Interaction of Garbage Collection and Heap Expansion
    • 4.10.6 Invoking the Garbage Collector Directly
    • 4.10.7 Atom Garbage Collection
      • 4.10.7.1 The Atom Garbage Collector User Interface
      • 4.10.7.2 Protecting Atoms in Foreign Memory
      • 4.10.7.3 Permanent Atoms
      • 4.10.7.4 Details of Atom Registration
    • 4.10.8 Summary of Predicates
  • 4.11 Modules
    • 4.11.1 Overview
    • 4.11.2 Basic Concepts
    • 4.11.3 Defining a Module
    • 4.11.4 Converting Non-module-files into Module-files
    • 4.11.5 Loading a Module
    • 4.11.6 Visibility Rules
    • 4.11.7 The Source Module
    • 4.11.8 The Type-in Module
    • 4.11.9 Creating a Module Dynamically
    • 4.11.10 Module Prefixes on Clauses
      • 4.11.10.1 Current Modules
    • 4.11.11 Debugging Code in a Module
    • 4.11.12 Name Clashes
    • 4.11.13 Obtaining Information about Loaded Modules
      • 4.11.13.1 Predicates Defined in a Module
      • 4.11.13.2 Predicates Visible in a Module
    • 4.11.14 Importing Dynamic Predicates
    • 4.11.15 Module Name Expansion
    • 4.11.16 The meta_predicate Declaration
    • 4.11.17 Semantics of Module Name Expansion
    • 4.11.18 Predicate Summary
  • 4.12 Modification of the Database
    • 4.12.1 Introduction
    • 4.12.2 Dynamic and Static Procedures
    • 4.12.3 Database References
    • 4.12.4 Adding Clauses to the Database
    • 4.12.5 Removing Clauses from the Database
      • 4.12.5.1 A Note on Efficient Use of retract/1
    • 4.12.6 Accessing Clauses
    • 4.12.7 Modification of Running Code: Examples
      • 4.12.7.1 Example: assertz
      • 4.12.7.2 Example: retract
      • 4.12.7.3 Example: abolish
    • 4.12.8 The Internal Database
    • 4.12.9 Blackboard Primitives
    • 4.12.10 Summary of Predicates
  • 4.13 Sets and Bags: Collecting Solutions to a Goal
    • 4.13.1 Introduction
    • 4.13.2 Collecting a Sorted List
      • 4.13.2.1 Existential Quantifier
    • 4.13.3 Collecting a Bag of Solutions
      • 4.13.3.1 Collecting All Instances
    • 4.13.4 Predicate Summary
  • 4.14 Grammar Rules
    • 4.14.1 Definite Clause Grammars
    • 4.14.2 How to Use the Grammar Rule Facility
    • 4.14.3 An Example
    • 4.14.4 Semantics of Grammar Rules
    • 4.14.5 Summary of Predicates
  • 4.15 Errors and Exceptions
    • 4.15.1 Overview
    • 4.15.2 Throwing Exceptions
    • 4.15.3 Handling Exceptions
      • 4.15.3.1 Protecting a Particular Goal
      • 4.15.3.2 Handling Unknown Predicates
    • 4.15.4 Error Classes
      • 4.15.4.1 Instantiation Errors
      • 4.15.4.2 Uninstantiation Errors
      • 4.15.4.3 Type Errors
      • 4.15.4.4 Domain Errors
      • 4.15.4.5 Evaluation Errors
      • 4.15.4.6 Representation Errors
      • 4.15.4.7 Existence Errors
      • 4.15.4.8 Permission Errors
      • 4.15.4.9 Context Errors
      • 4.15.4.10 Consistency Errors
      • 4.15.4.11 Syntax Errors
      • 4.15.4.12 Resource Errors
      • 4.15.4.13 System Errors
    • 4.15.5 An Example
    • 4.15.6 Legacy Predicates
    • 4.15.7 Interrupting Execution
    • 4.15.8 Summary of Predicates
  • 4.16 Messages and Queries
    • 4.16.1 Message Processing
      • 4.16.1.1 Phases of Message Processing
      • 4.16.1.2 Message Generation Phase
      • 4.16.1.3 Message Printing Phase
    • 4.16.2 Message Handling Predicates
    • 4.16.3 Query Processing
      • 4.16.3.1 Query Classes
      • 4.16.3.2 Phases of Query Processing
      • 4.16.3.3 Hooks in Query Processing
      • 4.16.3.4 Default Input Methods
      • 4.16.3.5 Default Map Methods
      • 4.16.3.6 Default Query Classes
    • 4.16.4 Query Handling Predicates
    • 4.16.5 Predicate Summary
  • 4.17 Other Topics
    • 4.17.1 System Properties and Environment Variables
      • 4.17.1.1 System Properties Set by SICStus Prolog
      • 4.17.1.2 System Properties Affecting Initialization
      • 4.17.1.3 Other System Properties
• 5 Debugging
  • 5.1 The Procedure Box Control Flow Model
  • 5.2 Basic Debugging Predicates
  • 5.3 Plain Spypoints
  • 5.4 Format of Debugging Messages
  • 5.5 Commands Available during Debugging
  • 5.6 Advanced Debugging — an Introduction
    • 5.6.1 Creating Breakpoints
    • 5.6.2 Processing Breakpoints
    • 5.6.3 Breakpoint Tests
    • 5.6.4 Specific and Generic Breakpoints
    • 5.6.5 Breakpoint Actions
    • 5.6.6 Advice-points
    • 5.6.7 Built-in Predicates for Breakpoint Handling
    • 5.6.8 Accessing Past Debugger States
    • 5.6.9 Storing User Information in the Backtrace
    • 5.6.10 Hooks Related to Breakpoints
    • 5.6.11 Programming Breakpoints
  • 5.7 Breakpoint Handling Predicates
  • 5.8 The Processing of Breakpoints
  • 5.9 Breakpoint Conditions
    • 5.9.1 Tests Related to the Current Goal
    • 5.9.2 Tests Related to Source Information
    • 5.9.3 Tests Related to the Current Port
    • 5.9.4 Tests Related to the Break Level
    • 5.9.5 Other Conditions
    • 5.9.6 Conditions Usable in the Action Part
    • 5.9.7 Options for Focusing on a Past State
    • 5.9.8 Condition Macros
    • 5.9.9 The Action Variables
  • 5.10 Consulting during Debugging
  • 5.11 Catching Exceptions
  • 5.12 Predicate Summary
• 6 Mixing C/C++ and Prolog
  • 6.1 Notes
  • 6.2 Calling C from Prolog
    • 6.2.1 Foreign Resources
    • 6.2.2 Conversion Declarations
    • 6.2.3 Conversions between Prolog Arguments and C Types
    • 6.2.4 Interface Predicates
    • 6.2.5 The Foreign Resource Linker
      • 6.2.5.1 Customizing splfr.
      • 6.2.5.2 Creating Linked Foreign Resources Manually under UNIX
      • 6.2.5.3 Windows-specific splfr issues
    • 6.2.6 Init and Deinit Functions
    • 6.2.7 Creating the Linked Foreign Resource
    • 6.2.8 Foreign Code Examples
  • 6.3 Calling C++ from Prolog
  • 6.4 Support Functions
    • 6.4.1 Creating and Manipulating SP_term_refs
    • 6.4.2 Atoms in C
    • 6.4.3 Creating Prolog Terms
    • 6.4.4 Accessing Prolog Terms
    • 6.4.5 Testing Prolog Terms
    • 6.4.6 Unifying and Comparing Terms
    • 6.4.7 Operating System Services
      • 6.4.7.1 Memory Management
      • 6.4.7.2 File System
      • 6.4.7.3 Threads
  • 6.5 Calling Prolog from C
    • 6.5.1 Finding One Solution of a Call
    • 6.5.2 Finding Multiple Solutions of a Call
    • 6.5.3 Calling Prolog Asynchronously
      • 6.5.3.1 Signal Handling
    • 6.5.4 Exception Handling in C
    • 6.5.5 Reading a goal from a string
  • 6.6 SICStus Streams
    • 6.6.1 Prolog Streams
    • 6.6.2 Defining a New Stream
      • 6.6.2.1 Low Level I/O Functions
    • 6.6.3 Hookable Standard Streams
      • 6.6.3.1 Writing User-stream Hooks
      • 6.6.3.2 Writing User-stream Post-hooks
  • 6.7 Stand-Alone Executables
    • 6.7.1 Runtime Systems
    • 6.7.2 Runtime Systems on Target Machines
      • 6.7.2.1 Runtime Systems on UNIX Target Machines
      • 6.7.2.2 Runtime Systems on Windows Target Machines
    • 6.7.3 The Application Builder
      • 6.7.3.1 Customizing spld
      • 6.7.3.2 All-in-one Executables
      • 6.7.3.3 Setting up the C compiler on Windows
      • 6.7.3.4 Extended Runtime Systems
      • 6.7.3.5 Examples
    • 6.7.4 User-defined Main Programs
      • 6.7.4.1 Initializing the Prolog Engine
      • 6.7.4.2 Loading Prolog Code
    • 6.7.5 Generic Runtime Systems
  • 6.8 Mixing C and Prolog Examples
    • 6.8.1 Train Example (connections)
    • 6.8.2 Building for a Target Machine
    • 6.8.3 Exceptions from C
    • 6.8.4 Stream Example
  • 6.9 Debugging Runtime Systems
    • 6.9.1 Locating the License Information
    • 6.9.2 Customizing the Debugged Runtime System
    • 6.9.3 Examples of Debugging Runtime Systems
• 7 Interfacing .NET and Java
• 8 Multiple SICStus Runtimes in a Process
  • 8.1 Multiple SICStus Runtimes in Java
  • 8.2 Multiple SICStus Runtimes in C
    • 8.2.1 Using a Single SICStus Runtime
    • 8.2.2 Using More than One SICStus Runtime
  • 8.3 Foreign Resources and Multiple SICStus Runtimes
    • 8.3.1 Foreign Resources Supporting Only One SICStus Runtime
    • 8.3.2 Foreign Resources Supporting Multiple SICStus Runtimes
      • 8.3.2.1 Full Support for Multiple SICStus Runtimes
  • 8.4 Multiple Runtimes and Threads
• 9 Writing Efficient Programs
  • 9.1 Overview
  • 9.2 Execution Profiling
  • 9.3 Coverage Analysis
  • 9.4 The Cut
    • 9.4.1 Overview
    • 9.4.2 Making Predicates Determinate
    • 9.4.3 Placement of Cuts
    • 9.4.4 Terminating a Backtracking Loop
  • 9.5 Indexing
    • 9.5.1 Overview
    • 9.5.2 Data Tables
    • 9.5.3 Determinacy Detection
  • 9.6 Last Clause Determinacy Detection
  • 9.7 The Determinacy Checker
    • 9.7.1 Using the Determinacy Checker
    • 9.7.2 Declaring Nondeterminacy
    • 9.7.3 Checker Output
    • 9.7.4 Example
    • 9.7.5 Options
    • 9.7.6 What is Detected
  • 9.8 Last Call Optimization
    • 9.8.1 Accumulating Parameters
    • 9.8.2 Accumulating Lists
  • 9.9 Building and Dismantling Terms
  • 9.10 Conditionals and Disjunction
  • 9.11 Programming Examples
    • 9.11.1 Simple List Processing
    • 9.11.2 Family Example (descendants)
    • 9.11.3 Association List Primitives
    • 9.11.4 Differentiation
    • 9.11.5 Use of Meta-Logical Predicates
    • 9.11.6 Prolog in Prolog
    • 9.11.7 Translating English Sentences into Logic Formulae
  • 9.12 The Cross-Referencer
    • 9.12.1 Introduction
    • 9.12.2 Practice and Experience
• 10 The Prolog Library
  • 10.1 An Aggregation Operator for Data-Base-Style Queries—library(aggregate)
  • 10.2 Association Lists—library(assoc)
  • 10.3 Attributed Variables—library(atts)
  • 10.4 AVL Trees—library(avl)
  • 10.5 Bags, or Multisets—library(bags)
  • 10.6 External Storage of Terms (Berkeley DB)—library(bdb)
    • 10.6.1 Basics
    • 10.6.2 Current Limitations
    • 10.6.3 Berkeley DB
    • 10.6.4 The DB-Spec—Informal Description
    • 10.6.5 Predicates
      • 10.6.5.1 Conventions
      • 10.6.5.2 The Environment
      • 10.6.5.3 Memory Leaks
      • 10.6.5.4 The Predicates
    • 10.6.6 An Example Session
    • 10.6.7 The DB-Spec
    • 10.6.8 Exporting and importing a database
  • 10.7 Generating Integers—library(between)
  • 10.8 Constraint Handling Rules—library(chr)
    • 10.8.1 Introduction
    • 10.8.2 Syntax and Semantics
      • 10.8.2.1 Syntax
      • 10.8.2.2 Semantics
    • 10.8.3 CHR in Prolog Programs
      • 10.8.3.1 Embedding in Prolog Programs
      • 10.8.3.2 Constraint Declaration
      • 10.8.3.3 Compilation
    • 10.8.4 Debugging
      • 10.8.4.1 Ports
      • 10.8.4.2 Tracing
      • 10.8.4.3 Debugging Predicates
    • 10.8.5 Examples
    • 10.8.6 Guidelines
  • 10.9 Constraint Logic Programming over Booleans—library(clpb)
    • 10.9.1 Introduction
    • 10.9.2 Solver Interface
    • 10.9.3 Examples
      • 10.9.3.1 Example 1
      • 10.9.3.2 Example 2
      • 10.9.3.3 Example 3
      • 10.9.3.4 Example 4
  • 10.10 Constraint Logic Programming over Finite Domains—library(clpfd)
    • 10.10.1 Introduction
      • 10.10.1.1 Referencing this Software
      • 10.10.1.2 Acknowledgments
    • 10.10.2 Caveats and Limitations
    • 10.10.3 Solver Interface
      • 10.10.3.1 Posting Constraints
      • 10.10.3.2 A Constraint Satisfaction Problem
      • 10.10.3.3 Reified Constraints
    • 10.10.4 Available Constraints
      • 10.10.4.1 Arithmetic Constraints
      • 10.10.4.2 Membership Constraints
      • 10.10.4.3 Propositional Constraints
      • 10.10.4.4 Arithmetic-Logical Constraints
      • 10.10.4.5 Extensional Constraints
      • 10.10.4.6 Graph Constraints
      • 10.10.4.7 Scheduling Constraints
      • 10.10.4.8 Placement Constraints
      • 10.10.4.9 Automata Constraints
      • 10.10.4.10 User-Defined Constraints
    • 10.10.5 Enumeration Predicates
    • 10.10.6 Statistics Predicates
    • 10.10.7 Answer Constraints
    • 10.10.8 Debugging
    • 10.10.9 Defining Global Constraints
      • 10.10.9.1 The Global Constraint Programming Interface
      • 10.10.9.2 Reflection Predicates
      • 10.10.9.3 FD Set Operations
      • 10.10.9.4 A Global Constraint Example
    • 10.10.10 Defining Primitive Constraints
      • 10.10.10.1 Definitions
      • 10.10.10.2 Pitfalls of Interval Reasoning
      • 10.10.10.3 Indexicals
      • 10.10.10.4 Range Expressions
      • 10.10.10.5 Term Expressions
      • 10.10.10.6 Monotonicity of Ranges
      • 10.10.10.7 FD Predicates
      • 10.10.10.8 Execution of Propagating Indexicals
      • 10.10.10.9 Execution of Checking Indexicals
      • 10.10.10.10 Compiled Indexicals
    • 10.10.11 Coexisting with Attributes and Blocked Goals
    • 10.10.12 Example Programs
      • 10.10.12.1 Send More Money
      • 10.10.12.2 N Queens
      • 10.10.12.3 Cumulative Scheduling
    • 10.10.13 Syntax Summary
      • 10.10.13.1 Syntax of Indexicals
      • 10.10.13.2 Syntax of Arithmetic Expressions
      • 10.10.13.3 Operator Declarations
  • 10.11 Constraint Logic Programming over Rationals or Reals—library([clpq,clpr])
    • 10.11.1 Introduction
      • 10.11.1.1 Referencing this Software
      • 10.11.1.2 Acknowledgments
    • 10.11.2 Solver Interface
      • 10.11.2.1 Notational Conventions
      • 10.11.2.2 Solver Predicates
      • 10.11.2.3 Unification
      • 10.11.2.4 Feedback and Bindings
    • 10.11.3 Linearity and Nonlinear Residues
      • 10.11.3.1 How Nonlinear Residues Are Made to Disappear
      • 10.11.3.2 Isolation Axioms
    • 10.11.4 Numerical Precision and Rationals
    • 10.11.5 Projection and Redundancy Elimination
      • 10.11.5.1 Variable Ordering
      • 10.11.5.2 Turning Answers into Terms
      • 10.11.5.3 Projecting Inequalities
    • 10.11.6 Why Disequations
    • 10.11.7 Monash Examples
    • 10.11.8 A Mixed Integer Linear Optimization Example
    • 10.11.9 Implementation Architecture
      • 10.11.9.1 Fragments and Bits
      • 10.11.9.2 Bugs
  • 10.12 I/O on Lists of Character Codes—library(codesio)
  • 10.13 COM Client—library(comclient)
    • 10.13.1 Preliminaries
    • 10.13.2 Terminology
    • 10.13.3 Predicate Reference
    • 10.13.4 Examples
  • 10.14 Finite Domain Constraint Debugger—library(fdbg)
    • 10.14.1 Introduction
    • 10.14.2 Concepts
      • 10.14.2.1 Events
      • 10.14.2.2 Labeling Levels
      • 10.14.2.3 Visualizers
      • 10.14.2.4 Names of Terms
      • 10.14.2.5 Selectors
      • 10.14.2.6 Name Auto-Generation
      • 10.14.2.7 Legend
      • 10.14.2.8 The fdbg_output Stream
    • 10.14.3 Basics
      • 10.14.3.1 FDBG Options
      • 10.14.3.2 Naming Terms
      • 10.14.3.3 Built-In Visualizers
      • 10.14.3.4 New Debugger Commands
      • 10.14.3.5 Annotating Programs
      • 10.14.3.6 An Example Session
    • 10.14.4 Advanced Usage
      • 10.14.4.1 Customizing Output
      • 10.14.4.2 Writing Visualizers
      • 10.14.4.3 Writing Legend Printers
      • 10.14.4.4 Showing Selected Constraints (simple version)
      • 10.14.4.5 Showing Selected Constraints (advanced version)
      • 10.14.4.6 Debugging Global Constraints
  • 10.15 Accessing Files And Directories—library(file_systems)
  • 10.16 The Gauge Profiling Tool—library(gauge)
  • 10.17 Heap Operations—library(heaps)
  • 10.18 Jasper Interface—library(jasper)
    • 10.18.1 Jasper Overview
    • 10.18.2 Getting Started
    • 10.18.3 Calling Prolog from Java
      • 10.18.3.1 Single Threaded Example
      • 10.18.3.2 Multi Threaded Example
      • 10.18.3.3 Another Multi Threaded Example (Prolog Top-Level)
    • 10.18.4 Jasper Package Class Reference
    • 10.18.5 Java Exception Handling
    • 10.18.6 SPTerm and Memory
      • 10.18.6.1 Lifetime of SPTerms and Prolog Memory
      • 10.18.6.2 Preventing SPTerm Memory Leaks
    • 10.18.7 Java Threads
    • 10.18.8 The Jasper Library
      • 10.18.8.1 Jasper Method Call Example
      • 10.18.8.2 Jasper Library Predicates
      • 10.18.8.3 Conversion between Prolog Arguments and Java Types
      • 10.18.8.4 Global vs. Local References
      • 10.18.8.5 Handling Java Exceptions
      • 10.18.8.6 Deprecated Jasper API
      • 10.18.8.7 Deprecated Argument Conversions
      • 10.18.8.8 Deprecated Jasper Predicates
  • 10.19 Process Communication—library(linda/[server,client])
    • 10.19.1 Linda Server
    • 10.19.2 Linda Client
  • 10.20 List Operations—library(lists)
  • 10.21 Array Operations—library(logarr)
  • 10.22 The Objects Package—library(objects)
    • 10.22.1 Introduction
      • 10.22.1.1 Using SICStus Objects
      • 10.22.1.2 Defining Classes
      • 10.22.1.3 Using Classes
      • 10.22.1.4 Looking Ahead
    • 10.22.2 Simple Classes
      • 10.22.2.1 Scope of a Class Definition
      • 10.22.2.2 Slots
      • 10.22.2.3 Methods
    • 10.22.3 Inheritance
      • 10.22.3.1 Single Inheritance
      • 10.22.3.2 Multiple Inheritance
      • 10.22.3.3 Asking About Classes and Objects
    • 10.22.4 Term Classes
      • 10.22.4.1 Simple Term Classes
      • 10.22.4.2 Restricted Term Classes
      • 10.22.4.3 Specifying a Term Class Essence
    • 10.22.5 Technical Details
      • 10.22.5.1 Syntax of Class Definitions
      • 10.22.5.2 Limitations
    • 10.22.6 Exported Predicates
      • 10.22.6.1 <-/2
      • 10.22.6.2 <</2
      • 10.22.6.3 >>/2
      • 10.22.6.4 class/1  declaration
      • 10.22.6.5 class_ancestor/2
      • 10.22.6.6 class_method/1  declaration
      • 10.22.6.7 class_superclass/2
      • 10.22.6.8 class_of/2
      • 10.22.6.9 create/2
      • 10.22.6.10 current_class/1
      • 10.22.6.11 debug_message/0  declaration
      • 10.22.6.12 define_method/3
      • 10.22.6.13 descendant_of/2
      • 10.22.6.14 destroy/1
      • 10.22.6.15 direct_message/4
      • 10.22.6.16 end_class/[0,1]  declaration
      • 10.22.6.17 fetch_slot/2
      • 10.22.6.18 inherit/1  declaration
      • 10.22.6.19 instance_method/1  declaration
      • 10.22.6.20 message/4
      • 10.22.6.21 nodebug_message/0  declaration
      • 10.22.6.22 pointer_object/2
      • 10.22.6.23 store_slot/2
      • 10.22.6.24 undefine_method/3
      • 10.22.6.25 uninherit/1  declaration
    • 10.22.7 Glossary
  • 10.23 The ODBC Interface Library–library(odbc)
    • 10.23.1 Overview
    • 10.23.2 Examples
      • 10.23.2.1 Example 1
      • 10.23.2.2 Example 2
      • 10.23.2.3 Example 3
      • 10.23.2.4 Example 4
    • 10.23.3 Datatypes
      • 10.23.3.1 Reading from the database
      • 10.23.3.2 Writing to the database
    • 10.23.4 Exceptions
    • 10.23.5 Predicates
  • 10.24 Ordered Set Operations—library(ordsets)
  • 10.25 The PiLLoW Web Programming Library—library(pillow)
  • 10.26 Plunit Interface—library(plunit)
    • 10.26.1 Introduction
    • 10.26.2 A Unit Test Box
    • 10.26.3 Writing the Test-Body
      • 10.26.3.1 Determinate Tests
      • 10.26.3.2 Nondeterminate Tests
      • 10.26.3.3 Tests Expected to Fail
      • 10.26.3.4 Tests Expected to Raise Exceptions
    • 10.26.4 Running the Test-Suite
    • 10.26.5 Tests and Production Systems
  • 10.27 Process Utilities—library(process)
    • 10.27.1 Examples
      • 10.27.1.1 Microsoft Windows Shell
    • 10.27.2 Quoting and Security
  • 10.28 PrologBeans Interface—library(prologbeans)
    • 10.28.1 Introduction
    • 10.28.2 Features
    • 10.28.3 A First Example
    • 10.28.4 Prolog Server Interface
    • 10.28.5 Java Client Interface
    • 10.28.6 Java Examples
      • 10.28.6.1 Embedding Prolog in Java Applications
      • 10.28.6.2 Application Servers
      • 10.28.6.3 Configuring Tomcat for PrologBeans
    • 10.28.7 .NET Client Interface
    • 10.28.8 .NET Examples
      • 10.28.8.1 C# Examples
      • 10.28.8.2 Visual Basic Example
  • 10.29 Queue Operations —library(queues)
  • 10.30 Random Number Generator—library(random)
  • 10.31 Rem's Algorithm—library(rem)
  • 10.32 Generic Sorting—library(samsort)
  • 10.33 Unordered Set Operations—library(sets)
  • 10.34 Socket I/O—library(sockets)
  • 10.35 The Structs Package—library(structs)
    • 10.35.1 Foreign Types
      • 10.35.1.1 Declaring Types
    • 10.35.2 Checking Foreign Term Types
    • 10.35.3 Creating and Destroying Foreign Terms
    • 10.35.4 Accessing and Modifying Foreign Term Contents
    • 10.35.5 Casting
    • 10.35.6 Null Foreign Terms
    • 10.35.7 Interfacing with Foreign Code
    • 10.35.8 Examining Type Definitions at Runtime
    • 10.35.9 Tips
    • 10.35.10 Example
  • 10.36 Operating System Utilities—library(system)
  • 10.37 Tcl/Tk Interface—library(tcltk)
    • 10.37.1 Introduction
      • 10.37.1.1 What Is Tcl/Tk?
      • 10.37.1.2 What Is Tcl/Tk Good For?
      • 10.37.1.3 What Is Tcl/Tks Relationship to SICStus Prolog?
      • 10.37.1.4 A Quick Example of Tcl/Tk in Action
      • 10.37.1.5 Outline of This Tutorial
    • 10.37.2 Tcl
      • 10.37.2.1 Syntax
      • 10.37.2.2 Variables
      • 10.37.2.3 Commands
      • 10.37.2.4 What We Have Left Out
    • 10.37.3 Tk
      • 10.37.3.1 Widgets
      • 10.37.3.2 Types of Widget
      • 10.37.3.3 Widgets Hierarchies
      • 10.37.3.4 Widget Creation
      • 10.37.3.5 Geometry Managers
      • 10.37.3.6 Event Handling
      • 10.37.3.7 Miscellaneous
      • 10.37.3.8 What We Have Left Out
      • 10.37.3.9 Example pure Tcl/Tk program
    • 10.37.4 The Tcl/Tk Prolog Library
      • 10.37.4.1 How it Works - An Overview
      • 10.37.4.2 Basic Functions
      • 10.37.4.3 Evaluation Functions
      • 10.37.4.4 Event Functions
      • 10.37.4.5 Servicing Tcl and Tk events
      • 10.37.4.6 Passing Control to Tk
      • 10.37.4.7 Housekeeping functions
      • 10.37.4.8 Summary
    • 10.37.5 Putting It All Together
      • 10.37.5.1 Tcl The Master, Prolog The Slave
      • 10.37.5.2 Prolog The Master, Tk The Slave
      • 10.37.5.3 Prolog And Tcl Interact through Prolog Event Queue
      • 10.37.5.4 The Whole 8-Queens Example
    • 10.37.6 Quick Reference
      • 10.37.6.1 Command Format Summary
      • 10.37.6.2 Predicates for Prolog to Interact with Tcl Interpreters
      • 10.37.6.3 Predicates for Prolog to Interact with Tcl Interpreters with Tk Extensions
      • 10.37.6.4 Commands for Tcl Interpreters to Interact with The Prolog System
    • 10.37.7 Resources
      • 10.37.7.1 Web Sites
      • 10.37.7.2 Books
      • 10.37.7.3 Manual Pages
  • 10.38 Term Utilities—library(terms)
  • 10.39 Meta-Call with Limit on Execution Time—library(timeout)
  • 10.40 Updatable Binary Trees—library(trees)
  • 10.41 Type Checking—library(types)
  • 10.42 Unweighted Graph Operations—library(ugraphs)
  • 10.43 An Inverse of numbervars/3—library(varnumbers)
  • 10.44 Weighted Graph Operations—library(wgraphs)
  • 10.45 Parsing and Generating XML—library(xml)
  • 10.46 Zinc Interface—library(zinc)
    • 10.46.1 Notes
    • 10.46.2 FlatZinc
      • 10.46.2.1 Exported Predicates
    • 10.46.3 MiniZinc
      • 10.46.3.1 Prerequisites
      • 10.46.3.2 Exported Predicates
    • 10.46.4 Zinc Errors
• 11 Prolog Reference Pages
  • 11.1 Reading the Reference Pages
    • 11.1.1 Overview
    • 11.1.2 Mode Annotations
    • 11.1.3 Predicate Annotation
    • 11.1.4 Argument Types
      • 11.1.4.1 Simple Types
      • 11.1.4.2 Extended Types
    • 11.1.5 Exceptions
    • 11.1.6 Other Fields
  • 11.2 Topical List of Prolog Built-Ins
    • 11.2.1 All Solutions
    • 11.2.2 Arithmetic
    • 11.2.3 Character I/O
    • 11.2.4 Control
    • 11.2.5 Database
    • 11.2.6 Debugging
    • 11.2.7 Errors and Exceptions
    • 11.2.8 Filename Manipulation
    • 11.2.9 File and Stream Handling
    • 11.2.10 Foreign Interface
    • 11.2.11 Grammar Rules
    • 11.2.12 Hook Predicates
    • 11.2.13 List Processing
    • 11.2.14 Loading Programs
    • 11.2.15 Memory
    • 11.2.16 Messages and Queries
    • 11.2.17 Modules
    • 11.2.18 Program State
    • 11.2.19 Saving Programs
    • 11.2.20 Term Comparison
    • 11.2.21 Term Handling
    • 11.2.22 Term I/O
    • 11.2.23 Type Tests
  • 11.3 Built-In Predicates
    • 11.3.1 abolish/[1,2]   [ISO]
    • 11.3.2 abort/0
    • 11.3.3 absolute_file_name/[2,3]   [hookable]
    • 11.3.4 acyclic_term/1   [ISO]
    • 11.3.5 add_breakpoint/2   [development]
    • 11.3.6 ,/2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.7 append/3
    • 11.3.8 arg/3   [ISO]
    • 11.3.9 ask_query/4   [hookable]
    • 11.3.10 assert/[1,2]
    • 11.3.11 asserta/[1,2]   [ISO]
    • 11.3.12 assertz/[1,2]   [ISO]
    • 11.3.13 at_end_of_line/[0,1]
    • 11.3.14 at_end_of_stream/[0,1]   [ISO]
    • 11.3.15 atom/1   [ISO]
    • 11.3.16 atom_chars/2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.17 atom_codes/2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.18 atom_concat/3   [ISO]
    • 11.3.19 atom_length/2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.20 atomic/1   [ISO]
    • 11.3.21 bagof/3   [ISO]
    • 11.3.22 bb_delete/2
    • 11.3.23 bb_get/2
    • 11.3.24 bb_put/2
    • 11.3.25 bb_update/3
    • 11.3.26 block/1   [declaration]
    • 11.3.27 break/0   [development]
    • 11.3.28 breakpoint_expansion/2   [development,hook]
    • 11.3.29 byte_count/2
    • 11.3.30 call/[1,2,...,255]   [ISO]
    • 11.3.31 call_cleanup/2
    • 11.3.32 call_residue_vars/2
    • 11.3.33 callable/1   [ISO]
    • 11.3.34 catch/3   [ISO]
    • 11.3.35 char_code/2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.36 char_conversion/2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.37 character_count/2
    • 11.3.38 clause/[2,3]   [ISO]
    • 11.3.39 close/[1,2]   [ISO]
    • 11.3.40 compare/3   [ISO]
    • 11.3.41 compile/1
    • 11.3.42 compound/1   [ISO]
    • 11.3.43 consult/1
    • 11.3.44 copy_term/[2,3]   [ISO]
    • 11.3.45 coverage_data/1   [development]
    • 11.3.46 create_mutable/2
    • 11.3.47 current_atom/1
    • 11.3.48 current_breakpoint/5   [development]
    • 11.3.49 current_char_conversion/2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.50 current_input/1   [ISO]
    • 11.3.51 current_key/2
    • 11.3.52 current_module/[1,2]
    • 11.3.53 current_op/3   [ISO]
    • 11.3.54 current_output/1   [ISO]
    • 11.3.55 current_predicate/[1,2]   [ISO]
    • 11.3.56 current_prolog_flag/2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.57 current_stream/3
    • 11.3.58 !/0   [ISO]
    • 11.3.59 db_reference/1
    • 11.3.60 debug/0   [development]
    • 11.3.61 debugger_command_hook/2   [development,hook]
    • 11.3.62 debugging/0   [development]
    • 11.3.63 dif/2
    • 11.3.64 disable_breakpoints/1   [development]
    • 11.3.65 discontiguous/1   [ISO,declaration]
    • 11.3.66 display/1
    • 11.3.67 do/2
    • 11.3.68 dynamic/1   [ISO,declaration]
    • 11.3.69 enable_breakpoints/1   [development]
    • 11.3.70 ensure_loaded/1   [ISO]
    • 11.3.71 =:=/2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.72 erase/1
    • 11.3.73 error_exception/1   [development,hook]
    • 11.3.74 execution_state/[1,2]   [development]
    • 11.3.75 ^/2
    • 11.3.76 expand_term/2   [hookable]
    • 11.3.77 fail/0   [ISO]
    • 11.3.78 false/0   [ISO]
    • 11.3.79 file_search_path/2   [hook]
    • 11.3.80 findall/[3,4]   [ISO]
    • 11.3.81 float/1   [ISO]
    • 11.3.82 flush_output/[0,1]   [ISO]
    • 11.3.83 foreign/[2,3]   [hook]
    • 11.3.84 foreign_resource/2   [hook]
    • 11.3.85 format/[2,3]
    • 11.3.86 freeze/2
    • 11.3.87 frozen/2
    • 11.3.88 functor/3   [ISO]
    • 11.3.89 garbage_collect/0
    • 11.3.90 garbage_collect_atoms/0
    • 11.3.91 generate_message/3   [extendible]
    • 11.3.92 generate_message_hook/3   [hook]
    • 11.3.93 get_byte/[1,2]   [ISO]
    • 11.3.94 get_char/[1,2]   [ISO]
    • 11.3.95 get_code/[1,2]   [ISO]
    • 11.3.96 get_mutable/2
    • 11.3.97 goal_expansion/5   [hook]
    • 11.3.98 goal_source_info/3
    • 11.3.99 >/2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.100 ground/1   [ISO]
    • 11.3.101 halt/[0,1]   [ISO]
    • 11.3.102 if/3
    • 11.3.103 ->/2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.104 include/1   [ISO,declaration]
    • 11.3.105 initialization/1   [ISO,declaration]
    • 11.3.106 instance/2
    • 11.3.107 integer/1   [ISO]
    • 11.3.108 is/2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.109 keysort/2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.110 leash/1   [development]
    • 11.3.111 length/2
    • 11.3.112 </2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.113 library_directory/1   [hook]
    • 11.3.114 line_count/2
    • 11.3.115 line_position/2
    • 11.3.116 listing/[0,1]
    • 11.3.117 load_files/[1,2]
    • 11.3.118 load_foreign_resource/1   [hookable]
    • 11.3.119 member/2
    • 11.3.120 memberchk/2
    • 11.3.121 message_hook/3   [hook]
    • 11.3.122 meta_predicate/1   [declaration]
    • 11.3.123 mode/1   [declaration]
    • 11.3.124 module/[2,3]   [declaration]
    • 11.3.125 multifile/1   [ISO,declaration]
    • 11.3.126 mutable/1
    • 11.3.127 name/2
    • 11.3.128 nl/[0,1]   [ISO]
    • 11.3.129 nodebug/0   [development]
    • 11.3.130 nonmember/2
    • 11.3.131 nonvar/1   [ISO]
    • 11.3.132 nospy/1
    • 11.3.133 nospyall/0   [development]
    • 11.3.134 =\=/2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.135 =</2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.136 >=/2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.137 \+/1   [ISO]
    • 11.3.138 \=/2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.139 notrace/0   [development]
    • 11.3.140 nozip/0   [development]
    • 11.3.141 number/1   [ISO]
    • 11.3.142 number_chars/2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.143 number_codes/2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.144 numbervars/3   [meta_logic]
    • 11.3.145 on_exception/3
    • 11.3.146 once/1   [ISO]
    • 11.3.147 op/3   [ISO]
    • 11.3.148 open/[3,4]   [ISO]
    • 11.3.149 open_null_stream/1
    • 11.3.150 ;/2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.151 otherwise/0
    • 11.3.152 peek_byte/[1,2]   [ISO]
    • 11.3.153 peek_char/[1,2]   [ISO]
    • 11.3.154 peek_code/[1,2]   [ISO]
    • 11.3.155 phrase/[2,3]
    • 11.3.156 portray/1   [hook]
    • 11.3.157 portray_clause/[1,2]
    • 11.3.158 portray_message/2   [hook]
    • 11.3.159 predicate_property/2
    • 11.3.160 print/[1,2]   [hookable]
    • 11.3.161 print_coverage/[0,1]   [development]
    • 11.3.162 print_message/2   [hookable]
    • 11.3.163 print_message_lines/3
    • 11.3.164 print_profile/[0,1]   [development]
    • 11.3.165 profile_data/1   [development]
    • 11.3.166 profile_reset/0   [development]
    • 11.3.167 prolog_flag/[2,3]
    • 11.3.168 prolog_load_context/2
    • 11.3.169 prompt/2
    • 11.3.170 public/1   [declaration]
    • 11.3.171 put_byte/[1,2]   [ISO]
    • 11.3.172 put_char/[1,2]   [ISO]
    • 11.3.173 put_code/[1,2]   [ISO]
    • 11.3.174 query_abbreviation/3   [extendible]
    • 11.3.175 query_class/5   [extendible]
    • 11.3.176 query_class_hook/5   [hook]
    • 11.3.177 query_hook/6   [hook]
    • 11.3.178 query_input/3   [extendible]
    • 11.3.179 query_input_hook/3   [hook]
    • 11.3.180 query_map/4   [extendible]
    • 11.3.181 query_map_hook/4   [hook]
    • 11.3.182 raise_exception/1
    • 11.3.183 read/[1,2]   [ISO]
    • 11.3.184 read_line/[1,2]
    • 11.3.185 read_term/[2,3]   [ISO]
    • 11.3.186 reconsult/1
    • 11.3.187 recorda/3
    • 11.3.188 recorded/3
    • 11.3.189 recordz/3
    • 11.3.190 remove_breakpoints/1   [development]
    • 11.3.191 repeat/0   [ISO]
    • 11.3.192 restore/1
    • 11.3.193 retract/1   [ISO]
    • 11.3.194 retractall/1   [ISO]
    • 11.3.195 save_files/2
    • 11.3.196 save_modules/2
    • 11.3.197 save_predicates/2
    • 11.3.198 save_program/[1,2]
    • 11.3.199 see/1
    • 11.3.200 seeing/1
    • 11.3.201 seek/4
    • 11.3.202 seen/0
    • 11.3.203 set_input/1   [ISO]
    • 11.3.204 set_module/1
    • 11.3.205 set_output/1   [ISO]
    • 11.3.206 set_prolog_flag/2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.207 set_stream_position/2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.208 setof/3   [ISO]
    • 11.3.209 simple/1
    • 11.3.210 skip_byte/[1,2]
    • 11.3.211 skip_char/[1,2]
    • 11.3.212 skip_code/[1,2]
    • 11.3.213 skip_line/[0,1]
    • 11.3.214 sort/2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.215 source_file/[1,2]
    • 11.3.216 spy/[1,2]   [development]
    • 11.3.217 statistics/[0,2]
    • 11.3.218 stream_code/2
    • 11.3.219 stream_position/2
    • 11.3.220 stream_position_data/3
    • 11.3.221 stream_property/2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.222 sub_atom/5   [ISO]
    • 11.3.223 subsumes_term/2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.224 tell/1
    • 11.3.225 telling/1
    • 11.3.226 ==/2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.227 term_expansion/6   [hook]
    • 11.3.228 @>/2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.229 @</2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.230 \==/2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.231 @=</2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.232 @>=/2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.233 ?=/2
    • 11.3.234 term_variables/2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.235 throw/1   [ISO]
    • 11.3.236 told/0
    • 11.3.237 trace/0   [development]
    • 11.3.238 trimcore/0
    • 11.3.239 true/0   [ISO]
    • 11.3.240 =/2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.241 unify_with_occurs_check/2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.242 =../2   [ISO]
    • 11.3.243 unknown/2   [development]
    • 11.3.244 unknown_predicate_handler/3   [hook]
    • 11.3.245 unload_foreign_resource/1   [hookable]
    • 11.3.246 update_mutable/2
    • 11.3.247 use_module/[1,2,3]
    • 11.3.248 var/1   [ISO]
    • 11.3.249 volatile/1   [declaration]
    • 11.3.250 when/2
    • 11.3.251 write/[1,2]   [ISO]
    • 11.3.252 write_canonical/[1,2]   [ISO]
    • 11.3.253 write_term/[2,3]   [ISO,hookable]
    • 11.3.254 writeq/[1,2]   [ISO]
    • 11.3.255 zip/0   [development]
• 12 C Reference Pages
  • 12.1 Return Values and Errors
  • 12.2 Topical List of C Functions
    • 12.2.1 C Errors
    • 12.2.2 I/O
    • 12.2.3 Exceptions
    • 12.2.4 Files and Streams
    • 12.2.5 Foreign Interface
    • 12.2.6 Initialization
    • 12.2.7 Memory Management
    • 12.2.8 Signal Handling
    • 12.2.9 Terms in C
    • 12.2.10 Type Tests
  • 12.3 API Functions
    • 12.3.1 SP_atom_from_string()
    • 12.3.2 SP_atom_length()
    • 12.3.3 SP_calloc()
    • 12.3.4 SP_close_query()
    • 12.3.5 SP_compare()
    • 12.3.6 SP_cons_functor()
    • 12.3.7 SP_cons_functor_array()
    • 12.3.8 SP_cons_list()
    • 12.3.9 SP_create_stream()
    • 12.3.10 SP_cut_query()
    • 12.3.11 SP_define_c_predicate()
    • 12.3.12 SP_deinitialize()
    • 12.3.13 SP_error_message()
    • 12.3.14 SP_event()
    • 12.3.15 SP_exception_term()
    • 12.3.16 SP_expand_file_name()
    • 12.3.17 SP_fail()
    • 12.3.18 SP_fclose()
    • 12.3.19 SP_flush_output()
    • 12.3.20 SP_fopen()
    • 12.3.21 SP_foreign_stash()   [macro]
    • 12.3.22 SP_fprintf()
    • 12.3.23 SP_free()
    • 12.3.24 SP_get_address()
    • 12.3.25 SP_get_arg()
    • 12.3.26 SP_get_atom()
    • 12.3.27 SP_get_byte()
    • 12.3.28 SP_get_code()
    • 12.3.29 SP_get_current_dir()
    • 12.3.30 SP_get_dispatch()
    • 12.3.31 SP_get_float()
    • 12.3.32 SP_get_functor()
    • 12.3.33 SP_get_integer()
    • 12.3.34 SP_get_integer_bytes()
    • 12.3.35 SP_get_list()
    • 12.3.36 SP_get_list_codes()
    • 12.3.37 SP_get_list_n_bytes()
    • 12.3.38 SP_get_list_n_codes()
    • 12.3.39 SP_get_number_codes()
    • 12.3.40 SP_get_stream_counts()
    • 12.3.41 SP_get_stream_user_data()
    • 12.3.42 SP_get_string()
    • 12.3.43 SP_getenv()
    • 12.3.44 SP_initialize()   [macro]
    • 12.3.45 SP_is_atom()
    • 12.3.46 SP_is_atomic()
    • 12.3.47 SP_is_compound()
    • 12.3.48 SP_is_float()
    • 12.3.49 SP_is_integer()
    • 12.3.50 SP_is_list()
    • 12.3.51 SP_is_number()
    • 12.3.52 SP_is_variable()
    • 12.3.53 SP_load()
    • 12.3.54 SP_load_sicstus_run_time()
    • 12.3.55 SP_malloc()
    • 12.3.56 SP_mutex_lock()
    • 12.3.57 SP_mutex_unlock()
    • 12.3.58 SP_new_term_ref()
    • 12.3.59 SP_next_solution()
    • 12.3.60 SP_next_stream()
    • 12.3.61 SP_open_query()
    • 12.3.62 SP_pred()
    • 12.3.63 SP_predicate()
    • 12.3.64 SP_printf()
    • 12.3.65 SP_put_address()
    • 12.3.66 SP_put_atom()
    • 12.3.67 SP_put_byte()
    • 12.3.68 SP_put_bytes()
    • 12.3.69 SP_put_code()
    • 12.3.70 SP_put_codes()
    • 12.3.71 SP_put_encoded_string()
    • 12.3.72 SP_put_float()
    • 12.3.73 SP_put_functor()
    • 12.3.74 SP_put_integer()
    • 12.3.75 SP_put_integer_bytes()
    • 12.3.76 SP_put_list()
    • 12.3.77 SP_put_list_codes()
    • 12.3.78 SP_put_list_n_bytes()
    • 12.3.79 SP_put_list_n_codes()
    • 12.3.80 SP_put_number_codes()
    • 12.3.81 SP_put_string()
    • 12.3.82 SP_put_term()
    • 12.3.83 SP_put_variable()
    • 12.3.84 SP_query()
    • 12.3.85 SP_query_cut_fail()
    • 12.3.86 SP_raise_exception()
    • 12.3.87 SP_read_from_string()
    • 12.3.88 SP_realloc()
    • 12.3.89 SP_register_atom()
    • 12.3.90 SP_restore()
    • 12.3.91 SP_set_argv()
    • 12.3.92 SP_set_current_dir()
    • 12.3.93 SP_set_memalloc_hooks()   [preinit]
    • 12.3.94 SP_set_user_stream_hook()   [preinit]
    • 12.3.95 SP_set_user_stream_post_hook()   [preinit]
    • 12.3.96 SP_signal()
    • 12.3.97 SP_strdup()
    • 12.3.98 SP_string_from_atom()
    • 12.3.99 SP_term_type()
    • 12.3.100 SP_unget_byte()
    • 12.3.101 SP_unget_code()
    • 12.3.102 SP_unify()
    • 12.3.103 SP_unregister_atom()
    • 12.3.104 SU_initialize()   [hook]
    • 12.3.105 user_close()
    • 12.3.106 user_flush_output()
    • 12.3.107 user_read()
    • 12.3.108 user_write()
• 13 Command Reference Pages
  • 13.1 sicstus — SICStus Prolog Development System
  • 13.2 mzn-sicstus — Shortcut for MiniZinc with SICStus back-end
  • 13.3 spfz — FlatZinc Interpreter
  • 13.4 spdet — Determinacy Checker
  • 13.5 spld — SICStus Prolog Application Builder
  • 13.6 splfr — SICStus Prolog Foreign Resource Linker
  • 13.7 splm — SICStus Prolog License Manager
  • 13.8 spxref — Cross Referencer
• References
• Predicate Index
• Keystroke Index
• Book Index