11.3.26 block/1   declaration

Synopsis

:- block +BlockSpec

Specifies conditions for blocking goals of the predicates referred to by BlockSpec.

Arguments

:BlockSpec

callable, must be ground

Goal template or list of goal templates, of the form f(Arg1, Arg2,…). Each Argn is one of:

‘-’

part of a block condition

‘?’

otherwise

Description

When a goal for a block declared predicate is to be executed, the block specs are interpreted as conditions for blocking the goal, and if at least one condition evaluates to true, then the goal is blocked.

A block condition evaluates to true iff all arguments specified as ‘-’ are uninstantiated, in which case the goal is blocked until at least one of those variables is instantiated. If several conditions evaluate to true, then the implementation picks one of them and blocks the goal accordingly.

The recommended style is to write the block declarations in front of the source code of the predicate they refer to. Indeed, they are part of the source code of the predicate, and must precede the first clause. For example, with the definition:

:- block merge(-,?,-), merge(?,-,-).

merge([], Y, Y).
merge(X, [], X).
merge([H|X], [E|Y], [H|Z]) :- H @< E,  merge(X, [E|Y], Z).
merge([H|X], [E|Y], [E|Z]) :- H @>= E, merge([H|X], Y, Z).

calls to merge/3 having uninstantiated arguments in the first and third position or in the second and third position will suspend.

The behavior of blocking goals for a given predicate on uninstantiated arguments cannot be switched off, except by abolishing or redefining the predicate.

Exceptions

Exceptions in the context of loading code are printed as error messages.

instantiation_error

BlockSpec not ground.

type_error

BlockSpec not a valid specification.

context_error

Declaration appeared in a goal.

permission_error

Declaration appeared as a clause.

See Also

Block Declarations.