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class/1
declaration:- class ClassName.
:- class ClassName = [SlotDef, …].
:- class ClassName = Super.
:- class ClassName = [SlotDef, …] + Super + ….
:- class ClassName = term(Term).
:- class ClassName = term(Term, Goal).
:- class ClassName = term(Term, Goal, Essence).
atom
term
atom
The definition of class ClassName begins
with this class/1
directive and ends with the next class/1
directive, the next end_class/[0,1]
directive, or the end of the file,
whichever comes first. All clauses that look like method
definitions within the scope of the class definition (that is,
which have one of <-/2
, <</2
or >>/2
as the principal
functors of their heads) are considered method definitions of
the class.
You may provide as many slot definitions (SlotDef) and superclasses (Super) as you like. All superclasses must be previously defined classes.
A slot definition (SlotDef) has the form
Visibility SlotName:Type = InitialValue
where Visibility and ‘= InitialValue’ are optional.
Visibility is either public
, protected
, or
private
. If it is omitted, then the slot is private.
SlotName must be an atom.
SlotType must be one of the following:
integer
signed integer, large enough to hold a pointer
integer_64 since release 4.3
64-bit signed integer
integer_32
32-bit signed integer
integer_16
16-bit signed integer
integer_8
8-bit signed integer
unsigned
unsigned integer, large enough to hold a pointer
unsigned_64 since release 4.3
64-bit unsigned integer
unsigned_32
32-bit unsigned integer
unsigned_16
16-bit unsigned integer
unsigned_8
8-bit unsigned integer
float
64-bit floating point number
float_32
32-bit floating point number
atom
Prolog atom
address
pointer
term
Prolog term
Class
pointer to an instance of Class, which must be a previously defined class
pointer(Type)
like address
, except that access to this slot
yields, and update of this slot expects, a unary term whose functor
is Type
InitialValue may be any constant appropriate for the slot’s type.
Term, if specified, is any compound Prolog term. Class declarations of any of the last three forms introduce a term class, which defines any term that unifies with Term as an instance of the class being defined.
Goal, if specified, is any Prolog goal. This goal may be used
to restrict which terms that unify with Term will be considered to
be instance of the class being defined. The default Goal is
true
. Other than when it is true
, Goal will usually share
variables with Term.
Essence, if specified, is a list of terms of the form
Variable:Type
where Variable is a variable appearing somewhere in Term and
Type is one of the possible Slottype types listed above.
There should be a Variable:
Type pair for every variable in
Term. By specifying an essence, you permit much more space- and
time-efficient storage of and access to term slots.
Note that every class for which you want to be able to create instances must define at least one create method.
The following class definition is for a class
named point
, with two public slots, named x
and y
. Both
slots are of type integer
and have initial values of 1 and 2,
respectively.
:- class point = [public x:integer=1, public y:integer=2]. Self <- create. :- end_class point.
Because the slots are public, they have get and put methods generated automatically. Because the class has a create method defined, it is possible to create an instance with the command
| ?- create(point, PointObj).
which creates a point
object and binds the variable PointObj
to it.
Using the point
class, we could create a class, named_point
, which has
an extra public slot, name
.
:- class named_point = [public name:atom] + point. Self <- create(Name, X, Y) :- Self << name(Name), Self << x(X), Self << y(Y). :- end_class named_point.
The only way to create a named_point
object requires specifying values
for all three slots.
end_class/[0,1]