10.15.3.3 Built-In Visualizers

The default visualizers are generic predicates to display FDBG events (see FDBG Events) in a well readable form. These visualizers naturally don’t exploit any problem specific information—to have more “fancy” output, you have to write your own visualizers; see FDBG Writing Visualizers. To use these visualizers, pass them in the appropriate argument to fdbg_on/1; see FDBG Options, or call them directly from user defined visualizers.

fdbg_show(+Constraint, +Actions)

This visualizer produces a trace output of all woken constraints, in which a line showing the constraint is followed by a legend (see FDBG Legend) of all the variables appearing in it, and finally an empty line to separate events from each other. The usual output will look like this:

<fdvar_1>#=0
    fdvar_1 = inf..sup -> {0}
    Constraint exited.

Here, we can see an arithmetical constraint being woken. It narrows ‘fdvar_1’ to a domain consisting of the singleton value 0, and since this is the narrowest domain possible, the constraint doesn’t have anything more to do: it exits.

Note that when you pass fdbg_show as an option, you should omit the two arguments, like in:

fdbg_on([…, constraint_hook(fdbg_show), …]).

fdbg_label_show(+Event, +LabelID, +Variable)

This visualizer produces a wallpaper trace output of all labeling events. It is best used together with fdbg_show/2. Each labeling event produces a single line of output, some of them are followed by an empty line, some others are always followed by another labeling action and therefore the empty line is omitted. Here is a sample output of fdbg_label_show/3:

Labeling [9, <list_1>]: starting in range 0..3.
Labeling [9, <list_1>]: step: <list_1> = 0

What we see here is the following:

• The prefix ‘Labeling’ identifies the event.
• The number in the brackets (9) is a unique identification number belonging to a labeling attempt. Only one labeling step with this number can be in effect at a time. This number in fact is the invocation number of the predicate doing the labeling for that variable.
• The name in the brackets (<list_1>) identifies the variable currently being labeled. Note that several identification numbers might belong to the same variable, depending on the mode of labeling.
• The text after the colon specifies the actual labeling event. This string can be:
  • - “starting in range Range.” meaning the starting of a labeling attempt in range Range
  • - “Mode: Narrowing.” meaning a labeling step in mode Mode. Narrowing is the actual narrowing done in the labeling step. Mode is one of the following:

    step

    meaning step mode labeling

    indomain_up

    meaning enum mode labeling or a direct call to indomain/1

    indomain_down

    meaning enum,down mode labeling

    bisect

    meaning bisect mode labeling

    dual

    when the domain contains exactly two values and the labeling attempt is nothing more than a selection between them

  • - “failed.” meaning the labeling attempt failed.

Note that when you pass fdbg_label_show/3 as an option, you should omit the three arguments, like in

fdbg_on([…, labeling_hook(fdbg_label_show), …]).