Node:Directives, Previous:Queries, Up:Queries and Directives
Directives start with the symbol :-. Any required output
must be programmed explicitly; e.g. the directive:
:- member(3, [1,2,3]), write(ok).
asks the system to check whether 3 belongs to the list
[1,2,3]. Execution of a directive terminates when all the goals in
the directive have been successfully executed. Other alternative solutions
are not sought. If no solution can be found, the system prints:
* Goal - goal failed
as a warning.
The principal use for directives (as opposed to queries) is to allow files
to contain directives which call various predicates, but for which you do
not want to have the answers printed out. In such cases you only want to
call the predicates for their effect, i.e. you don't want terminal
interaction in the middle of consulting the file. A useful example would
be the use of a directive in a file which consults a whole list of other
files, e.g.
:- [ bits, bobs, main, tests, data, junk ].
If a directive like this were contained in the file myprog then typing
the following at top-level would be a quick way of reading in your entire
program:
| ?- [myprog].
When simply interacting with the top-level,
this distinction between queries and directives is not normally very
important.
At top-level you should just type queries normally. In a
file, queries are in fact treated as directives, i.e. if you wish to
execute some goals then the directive in the file must be preceded by
:- or ?-; otherwise, it would be treated as a clause.